Using the Motivation and Engagement Wheel to Examine the Interplay Between Learner Engagement, Motivation, Year Level, and Academic Achievement in an EFL Tertiary Context

This study utilized Martin's (1999-2022) Motivation and Engagement Wheel (MEW) framework its associated Scale for University/ College (MES-UC) students to identify four typologies based on positive negative academic engagement motivation. It also investigated the latent factors comprising motivation that greatly impact second language (L2) learner achievement relationship between L2 level, one hand, year level grade point average (GPA) other. Data collected from 456 female undergraduates majoring in English at a public university Saudi Arabia were analyzed using descriptive statistics structural equation modeling. The results largely supported hypothesized effects of engagement, motivation, six their achievement. showed participants' levels decreased as they progressed years program.